Dog’s Fecal Incontinence: Causes & Management Tips

Fecal incontinence in dogs can be a distressing experience for both the dog and its owner. Understanding the sphincter control mechanism, a crucial element in bowel regulation, is paramount. The causes, ranging from neurological issues addressed by veterinary neurologists to age-related muscle weakness, need careful consideration. In managing the condition, specialized diets recommended by Royal Canin, aiming to promote digestive health, can play a significant role, while mindful attention should be given to mobility issues that may impact a dog’s ability to relieve itself promptly, necessitating adjustments to the home environment.

Image taken from the YouTube channel Wag! Dog Walking , from the video titled Bowel Incontinence in Dogs | Wag! .

Dog’s Fecal Incontinence: Causes & Management Tips

Fecal incontinence in dogs, the involuntary loss of bowel control, can be a distressing experience for both you and your furry friend. Understanding the causes and available management strategies is crucial to providing your dog with the best possible care and improving their quality of life. This guide aims to provide you with comprehensive information and practical tips to navigate this condition.

Understanding Fecal Incontinence in Dogs

Fecal incontinence is not a disease itself but rather a symptom indicating an underlying issue. It’s important to distinguish it from accidents due to behavioral problems or lack of house training. A dog with fecal incontinence genuinely cannot control their bowel movements.

What Does Fecal Incontinence Look Like?

• Loss of Stool Control: This can range from occasional leakage of small amounts of stool to complete loss of bowel control.
• Unawareness: The dog may not even realize they are passing stool.
• Stool Consistency: The stool may be normal, loose, or watery, depending on the underlying cause.
• Soiled Rear End: You might notice fecal matter around the dog’s anus and tail.
• Odor: A persistent fecal odor can be present.

Common Causes of Fecal Incontinence

Pinpointing the exact cause is essential for effective management. Here are some common culprits:

Neurological Problems

Damage or dysfunction within the nervous system can disrupt the signals controlling bowel function.

• Spinal Cord Injuries: Trauma to the spine can sever or damage the nerves responsible for bowel control.
• Degenerative Myelopathy: This progressive spinal cord disease is more common in older dogs.
• Nerve Damage: Injury during surgery or other medical procedures can affect the nerves controlling the anus and rectum.
• Brain Tumors/Lesions: While less common, these can also impact bowel control.

Sphincter Muscle Weakness

The anal sphincter muscles are responsible for keeping the anus closed. Weakness in these muscles can lead to fecal incontinence.

• Age-Related Weakness: As dogs age, their muscles naturally lose strength and elasticity.
• Perineal Hernia: This condition involves the displacement of abdominal organs into the perineal region (area around the anus), weakening the surrounding muscles.
• Prostate Problems (Male Dogs): An enlarged or infected prostate gland can put pressure on the rectum and interfere with sphincter function.
• Congenital Abnormalities: Some dogs are born with poorly developed anal sphincter muscles.

Gastrointestinal Issues

Certain gastrointestinal conditions can contribute to fecal incontinence.

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Chronic inflammation of the digestive tract can lead to frequent and urgent bowel movements, overwhelming the dog’s ability to control them.
• Severe Diarrhea: Any condition causing persistent and severe diarrhea can result in temporary fecal incontinence.
• Intestinal Parasites: Heavy parasite infestations can irritate the digestive tract and cause diarrhea and fecal leakage.
• Malabsorption: Conditions that hinder the absorption of nutrients can lead to loose stools and difficulty controlling bowel movements.

Medications

Certain medications can sometimes cause fecal incontinence as a side effect.

• Laxatives: Overuse or inappropriate use of laxatives can lead to diarrhea and fecal leakage.
• Certain Antibiotics: Some antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the gut, leading to diarrhea.
• Muscle Relaxants: These can weaken the anal sphincter muscles.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing fecal incontinence requires a thorough examination by a veterinarian.

1. Medical History: Your vet will ask about your dog’s history, including any previous illnesses, injuries, medications, and dietary changes.
2. Physical Examination: A complete physical exam, including rectal palpation, will be performed.
3. Neurological Examination: This helps to assess nerve function and identify any neurological problems.

4. Diagnostic Tests: Depending on the suspected cause, these may include:

   • Blood Tests: To check for underlying health problems.
   • Fecal Examination: To rule out parasites.
   • Radiographs (X-rays): To visualize the spine and abdominal organs.
   • Ultrasound: To examine the abdominal organs in more detail.
   • MRI/CT Scan: May be necessary to evaluate the spinal cord or brain in more detail.
   • Colonoscopy/Endoscopy: To examine the colon and small intestine.

Treatment will vary depending on the underlying cause. Options may include:

• Medication:
  • Anti-diarrheal medications: To control diarrhea.
  • Antibiotics: To treat infections.
  • Corticosteroids/Immunosuppressants: To manage inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Medications to increase anal sphincter tone: Although efficacy varies, some medications can help strengthen the anal sphincter.
• Surgery: May be necessary for conditions like perineal hernias or spinal cord injuries.
• Dietary Changes:
  • High-fiber diet: To help bulk up the stool and improve bowel control (Consult your vet before making drastic diet changes!).
  • Easily digestible diet: For dogs with gastrointestinal issues.
• Physical Therapy: Can help strengthen the anal sphincter muscles.

Management Tips for Dogs with Fecal Incontinence

Regardless of the underlying cause, there are several things you can do to manage the condition and improve your dog’s comfort and hygiene.

1. Regular Grooming: Keep the area around your dog’s anus clean and dry to prevent skin irritation. Use gentle, unscented wipes specifically designed for pets.
2. Frequent Bathroom Breaks: Take your dog out frequently, especially after meals, to encourage regular bowel movements.
3. Protective Bedding: Use waterproof bedding or disposable pads in your dog’s bed to make cleanup easier.
4. Diapers or Pads: Dog diapers or absorbent pads can help contain leakage and prevent accidents around the house.
   Consider the size and breed of your dog when purchasing diapers. There are reusable and disposable options. Ensure they fit comfortably to avoid chafing.
5. Odor Control: Use pet-friendly odor eliminators to neutralize any lingering fecal odors.
6. Maintain a Consistent Diet: Avoid sudden changes in diet, as these can upset your dog’s digestive system.
7. Be Patient and Understanding: Remember that your dog is not intentionally causing these accidents. Patience, understanding, and positive reinforcement will help them feel more comfortable and less stressed.

Dealing with fecal incontinence in dogs isn’t always easy, but hopefully, this article has given you some helpful insights and actionable steps. Remember to work closely with your vet to provide the best possible care and comfort for your furry friend!